Note
This text appeared for the first time in the internal journal of the Order UNITAS 2019 of the Swiss Governorate of the Order of Knights of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem (Order abbreviation OESSH).
Prologue
What could be more natural than to want to fathom the breath of the Spirit as the theme of this issue of UNITAS also in the Holy Spirit himself, as part of the Trinitarian God? Wanting to represent the breath of the Holy Spirit (cf. Jn 20:22) is (also) a challenge for the laity. The attempt should nevertheless be dared.
Augustine and the Boy by the Sea
The following legend of St. Augustine of Hippo (354-430) is supposed to[1] put this difficulty into words. The legend is about the time of the creation of Augustine’s work on the Trinity. It is said that the saint walks by the sea and on the shore sees a boy shovelling water into a hole dug in the sand with a shell. Again and again the boy runs to the edge of the shore to scoop new water and pour it into the sand hollow. Augustine asks the boy about the purpose of his action. The boy answers that he wants to scoop the whole sea into the hole. Smiling, Augustine replies that this is impossible. The boy replies that this is more likely to be possible than that Augustine is able to exhaust even the smallest part of the mysteries of the Trinity in his book.[2]
The Holy Spirit as part of the divine Trinity
It is undisputed that the Holy Spirit represents one of the three persons of the divine Trinity. This Trinity stands for the essential unity of God in Father (God the Father), Son (Jesus Christ, Son of God) and the Holy Spirit (Spirit of God) mentioned at the beginning. As an analogy to the understanding of this Trinity of God, the various aggregate states of water can be drawn upon. Physically speaking, water can assume the solid state as ice, the liquid state as water, and the gaseous state as steam. Which state exists depends on various (external) factors such as temperature and pressure. Chemically speaking, however, it is always the same, namely the combination of the elements oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H) to form H2O. The perfection of water can only be recognized when the physical aggregate states and the chemical compound are considered together.[3] The Holy Spirit is thus, in an analogous view, a component of the Trinity and also God himself. What do we as laymen know about the Holy Spirit and where does he meet us in our perception of faith?
The Holy Spirit in the study of the Bible
The Spirit of God as the Holy Spirit can be found in many places in the Old and New Testaments. A small selection should make this clear: In the central creation story in the Old Testament, for example, the Spirit of God hovers over the water (cf. Gen 1:2). In the New Testament the disciples are given the Holy Spirit instead of Jesus, for it says: “And I will ask the Father, and he will give you another helper, who shall remain with you forever, the Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot receive because it does not see him or know him. But you know him because he abides with you and will be in you. (John 14:16-17).
The Holy Spirit is eternal (cf. Heb 9:14), omniscient (cf. 1 Cor 2:10) and omnipresent (cf. Ps 139:7-8). This not as God, but rather as a special expression of God, since in Acts 5:3-4 the Holy Spirit is seen as part of God. The Holy Spirit accompanies and guides us, for it is said: “Your good Spirit guide me on the flat land. ” (cf. Ps 143:10).
In the Call to Mission we read: “Go therefore and make disciples of all nations; baptize them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit” (Mt 28:19). The Trinity of God is thus, in contrast to the aggregate states of water, also simultaneously recognizable as a unity and in various combinations, but in its core and as a being always God.
The Holy Spirit in prayer
Already in the sign of the cross we appreciate the Holy Spirit and the Trinity in general. Whether the sign of the cross should be made with one finger (as a sign of faith in God) or with three fingers (as a symbol of the Trinity) is not discussed here, but in my opinion it clearly shows the Trinity in God himself.
In the Apostolic Creed we state that Mary conceived Jesus through the Holy Spirit. It says: “The Holy Spirit will come upon you and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. Therefore, the child will also be called holy and the Son of God. ” (cf. Lk 1:25). In doxology, as a praise of the glory of God, the Holy Spirit is grasped in the form of the Trinity. In the Fatima prayer, on the other hand, God appears to us as Jesus Christ and in the Our Father as God the Father himself. Always different constellations, but always the same all-embracing God.
Through baptism we receive this Holy Spirit (cf. Acts 2:38) and He dwells in us (cf. 1 Cor 3:16). We are also given the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit as a breath of life. According to the KKK-Rz 1831 these gifts are wisdom, insight, counsel, strength, knowledge, piety and fear of God.[4] These gifts should help us to obey the divine inspirations willingly and to recognize the will of God. On the Feast of Pentecost we celebrate the sending of the Holy Spirit as a storm of revival and fulfilment (cf. Acts 2:1-4).
The em. pope Benedict XVI (Joseph Ratzinger) deals intensively with the Holy Spirit[5]. In the Pentecost sermon of 2006 he says: “The pride and selfishness of man always causes divisions, builds walls of indifference, hatred and violence. The Holy Spirit, on the other hand, enables hearts to understand the languages of all people, because he restores the bridge of true communication between earth and heaven. The Holy Spirit is love.[6] “In the fifth chapter of the main part of the Introduction to Christianity, he wrote as early as 1971 that love is always a mystery and therefore contains more than can (and must) be calculated and reckoned with. In addition literally: “Love itself – the uncreated, eternal God – must therefore be in the highest measure mystery, the mystery itself. »[7]
Conclusion of the attempt at interpretation
The love of God is a mystery that need not be fathomed. Even though Schopenhauer probably accuses the religions of being lighthouses, which are only able to shine in the (scientific) darkness.[8] But a religion based on miracles and revelation does not fear science. Schopenhauer recognizes religion at least as the metaphysics of the people and as representative of the unrecognizable truth “as a guideline for action and as calming and comfort in suffering and death […]”[9]. Religion can thus also offer at least metaphysical security to a critical spirit. And it is precisely the Holy Spirit, as part of the Trinity of God, that is supposed to represent this security, this constructive, purposeful quantum of energy. In this way he takes care of our weakness (cf. Rom 8:26) and is our support and consoler (cf. Jn 14:16-26), “for nothing is impossible for God. ” (Luk 1:37).
It is, as the legend of Augustine mentioned in the introduction, an unattainable goal if one wants to present the mystery of the Trinity or even the Holy Spirit only in the context of an essay. In mathematics – to fall back on the exact sciences as an alternative – one assumes an approximate value if the concrete calculation is either very complicated or not possible at all. I therefore hope that with this attempt at interpretation I have come at least a little closer to the breath of the Holy Spirit.
Footnotes
[1] Cf. Geerlings, Wilhelm, A. Augustinus. I. Life, in: LThK3 1 (SA 2006), 1240-1242.
[2] Cf. instead of many Mehler, Ludwig, examples of the entire Christian Catholic teaching. Or: The entire Catholic Catechism, Vol. 1, Regensburg4 1855, 117 and, in greater depth, Kany, Roland, Augustin’s Trinity Thought. Bilanz, Kritik und Weiterführung der modernen Forschung zu “De Trinitate” (Studies and Texts on Antiquity and Christianity 22), Tübingen 2007.
[3] Cf. instead of many https://www.kirche-im-swr.de/?page=manuskripte&id=24325 (07.10.2018).
[4] Catechism of the Catholic Church (KKK), Oldenburg 2005.
[5] See also Benedict XVI, On the Holy Spirit, Augsburg 2012.
[6] https://w2.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/de/homilies/2006/documents/hf_ben-xvi_hom_20060604_pentecoste.pdf (07.10.2018).
[7] Ratzinger, Joseph, Introduction to Christianity, Munich4 1980, 110.
[8] See Schopenhauer, Arthur, Parerga and Paralipomena. Small philosophical writings, 2nd volume, Zurich 1988.
[9] Frauenstädt, Julius, Schopenhauer Lexikon 2nd volume, Leipzig 1871, 273.
